Water flows from high to low hydraulic heads along a hydraulic gradient (discussed presently). ![]() ![]() Because groundwater velocities are so slow, kinetic energy is typically negligible. The pressure head represents the energy due to pore fluid pressure, and the elevation head represents the gravitational potential energy arising from elevation. All three quantities have the dimension (L). Hydraulic head, h, is defined as: h = h p + h z, where h p is the pressure head and h z is the elevation head. It represents the mechanical energy per unit weight of fluid in the system. Hydraulic head is one of the key variables in describing a groundwater system. Gorelick, in Encyclopedia of Atmospheric Sciences (Second Edition), 2015 Hydraulic Head
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